Substance Abuse, Drug Addiction – Alcoholism, Heroin, Cocaine, Meth-Amphetamine: A Practice Contributing to HIV Infection in Women by Rachel Hayon, MPH
August 6th May 2004 – injecting drug use (IDU) is known to be a big risk for HIV, female condoms, (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection. The drug is also responsible for about 60% of cases of hepatitis C [1. IDU can also put parts of a user at a greater risk of contracting HIV / AIDS. The percentage of AIDS (Acquired, female condoms, Immunodeficiency Syndrome) cases among women in the United States has more than tripled from 7% in 1985 to 23% in 1998, female condoms, [2. Almost two thirds of AIDS cases reported, female condoms, have been observed among African-Americans, female condoms, and 37% of these cases were contracted heterosexual. Today, women constitute the largest growing population of infected people. The use of intravenous drug needles in common is known as half of HIV infection for women [3. In fact, in 2003, about, female condoms, one third of AIDS cases, female condoms, in the United States have been associated with sharing among injection drug users [4. In addition to the behavior of drug use, there are many reasons that women are more of a target for HIV / AIDS virus.Depending what the cultural background of an individual, he or she will be more at risk of 'infection with HIV. For example, in Hispanic or African-American culture, men are still considered the dominant in the relationship. As such, women may feel that they are able to request that their partners use a condom [5. They are also not allowed to ask their, female condoms, partners have had sex with pre-existing relationship, female condoms, or even during the [5. In this regard, as in most Latin families, homosexuality is not an accepted practice, men engage in MSM (men who have sex with men), sexual behavior and take a girlfriend or wife on the side [6 . Because of this behavior, heterosexual transmission is an important route of transmission significantly. Moreover,, female condoms, only from a biological, female condoms, point of view, the transmission of HIV is up to 19 times more efficient from men to women, female condoms, than vice versa [7.Stopping transmission of HIV, particularly among women can 's prove problematic for several reasons. For women who are drug addicts, most tend to be poorly educated in general and in particular their sexual and reproductive health. They are also often times,, female condoms, according to a man for financial support and not willing to change their behavior or a request that their partner change his [8. In fact, a recent study that examined the relationship between partner violence and risky sexual behavior in a sample of predominantly African-American and Hispanic women found that almost half the participants reported, female condoms, having been abused by a partner past. It was found that abused women are five times more likely than women to have, female condoms, reported an intact STD (sexually transmitted, female condoms, diseases) and are four times more likely to have sex with a sexual partner at risk [9. The effect of risky sexual behavior for women is two times more women can transmit the virus not only to other sexual partners, but their children. There is the national prevention programs trying to help pregnant mothers so that their children have the opportunity to live a life free of HIV. How to prevent transmission include: prenatal care, like counseling and testing and zidovudine (AZT) treatment of infected mothers and their, female condoms, children. AZT is a drug that can reduce the viral load, or amount of virus in the system of individuals. We are able to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child if taken during pregnancy [10. Without, female condoms, the intervention, a mother transmission rate of 25% of infants would result in the, female condoms, birth of approximately 1,750 children infected with HIV each year in the United States, medical costs lives of 282 million. The estimated annual cost of perinatal prevention in the United States was 67.6 million [10. This investment would prevent 656 HIV infections and saves $ 105.6 million in health costs alone – a net cost savings of $ 38.1 million a year. The transmission of HIV from mother to child during pregnancy, labor and childbirth or breast-feeding accounted for 91% of reported AIDS cases among American children. The best way to prevent infection in children to prevent infection in
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